逗号

　　1. 引导副词或者短语放在句首时，后面接逗号

　　举例：However,the public is being inundated with stories aboutcancer-causing  chemicals.

　　After 3 months,the plants grown under phosphorus-de?cient conditions were  evaluated.

　　类似地副词：therefore, thus, However, Nevertheless等

　　2. 当有三个及以上并列结构时，并列连词前需要加逗号(又称为连续逗号); 仅有两个并列结构时，不能用逗号

　　举例：Water,sodium hydroxide,and ammonia were the solvents.

　　Thered needles were collected,washed with toluene,and dried in a vacuum  desiccator.

　　3. 动词(谓语)和主语之间不要加逗号

　　举例： The addition of substitutedsilanes to carbon–carbon double bonds, has  beenstudied extensively.(错误)

　　The addition of substituted silanes tocarbon–carbon double bonds has been  studied extensively.(正确)

　　4.et al.之前不接逗号，除非有其他特别原因

　　举例：Saltzman et al. Saltzman, M. J., et al. Saltzman, Brown, et al.

　　5.日期后接逗号，如果只有月份没有日期，不用逗号;当句子中给出完整的年月日，那么年份后面也要接逗号

　　举例：June 15, 1996 June 1996

　　On August 18, 1984, an extraordinary person was born.

　　6. 当地理位置作为句子的一个部分，且其中包含逗号时，名称后也要接逗号

　　举例：Iona College, in New Rochelle, New York, is the CEO’s alma mater.

　　7. 采用逗号为句子插入引用语，但是当引用语作为主语时，不接逗号

　　举例：In the words of Pasteur, “Chance favors the prepared mind.”

　　“Chance favors the prepared mind” is a translation from the French.

　　句号(period)和分号(semicolon)

　　1. 除非引起歧义，否则单位简称后面不要接句号

　　特例：inch (in.), atom (at.), number (no.)

　　2.姓名简写要用句号和空格隔开，但是在acknowledgement部分不需要空格

　　举例：J. E. Lennard-Jones M. S.Newman

　　R.C.McD. and C.R. thank Dr. Rose Allan forcarefully reading the manu.

　　3. 机构名的简写后不用加句号

　　举例：ACS CNRS NASA

　　4. 没有连词的独立分句(independent clauses)之间，加分号;采用连接副词或者过渡语“that is”, “however”,  “therefore”, “hence”,“indeed”, “accordingly”, “besides”, and  “thus”等连接的独立分句之间，加分号。

　　举例：All solvents were distilled from an appropriatedrying agent;  tetrahydrofuran and diethyl ether were also pretreated with activity I  alumina.

　　The rate at which bleaching occurred wasdependent on cluster size;that is,  the degradation of the mononuclear clusterwas about 5 times faster than that of  the tetranuclear cluster.

　　5. 从属小句和独立分句之间不能接分号

　　The activity on bromopyruvate was decreased;whereas, the activity on  pyruvate was enhanced.(错误)

　　The activity on bromopyruvate was decreased,whereas the activity on  pyruvate was enhanced.(正确)